Wolf Creek Movie Analysis

Introduction Wolf Creek is a 2005 horror film that dwells on real events that took place in Australia. Liz Hunter, Kristy Earl, and Ben Mitchell are backpackers who go into the wilderness to see a crater dubbed wolf creek. Upon visiting the site, they return to find that the car they used for the voyage will not start. Mick Taylor is a friendly mechanic who comes to their aid.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Wolf Creek: Movie Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this mechanic proves to be an aggressive and dangerous person. Mick Taylor is a sadist with a personality disorder reserved for extremely aggressive persons. The film is full of cruelty and brutality mostly from the host, Mick Taylor. Moreover, the film focuses on serial killers preying on oblivious travelers. The tendency of serial killers to use extreme forms of aggression on their victims is revealed in numerous journals. Particularly, D affern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 100) reveal the cause of aggression in such individuals. This paper is a video reflection of the Wolf creek film. Behaviour of Characters Aggression characterized by extreme violence and sadistic tendencies is revealed through the character of Mick Taylor in wolf creek. In this film, the serial killer poses as a friendly mechanic concerned about the predicament facing the stranded voyagers. The character of the serial killer is depicted in a study by Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 100-104). According to the aforementined authors, most of individuals who perpetrate sadistic and extreme forms of aggression are loners who find solace in violence. Mick Taylor is depicted in the wolf creek as a traumatized loner who uses violence to get back at the society for failing to make it in life. Liz is one of the serial killer’s victims who find herself tied in a shed. In an attempt to free she comes across Taylor sexually abusing and torturing Kristy. Mo reover, Liz discovers Taylor’s possessions mostly stolen from kidnapped travelers. These possessions include cars and cameras among others. After watching a playback in one of the cameras, she discovers that Mick uses the same strategy to prey on unaware and stranded travelers. Furthermore, Liz discovers that there was a footage revealing that Taylor was following them closely as they entered the Wolf creek and played a role in ensuring they were stranded.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The violence depicted in this horror film is plotted and committed by a sole individual with characteristics of aggression depicted by Richardson Green, (2003, 10-15). The character of Mick Taylor depicts a social misfit and an outcast who resides in an abandoned countryside. Anderson Bushman (2002, 28-30), reveal that most potential aggressors, such as Mick Taylor, are motivated by loo king at the societal circumstances that forced them to become who they are. Mick Taylor is motivated by sadistic tendencies that reveal either a troubled childhood or failed expectations. From the movie, the serial killer finds solace in sadistic tendencies, such as the inhuman decapitation of Liz and sexual assault of Kristy. Moreover, the serial killer keeps footages of the inhuman activities to get a motivation for use in attacking the next travelers. In the wolf creek incident Mick Taylor’s character inclines him to exercise extreme forms of aggression. According to Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 105-107) and Rappaport Thomas (2004, 268), there are numerous ways to classify aggressors. Concisely, aggressors are classified based on the mode of aggression, the target of aggression, and the causes of aggression. The aforementioned classes of aggression are important determinants of the aggressor and the target of aggression. The victims in Wolf creek are vulnerable and wi lling to comply with the demands of the serial killer. Moreover, they are oblivious of his motives and see him as a friendly mechanic, who can help them out of their predicament. Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 105-107) reveal that targets of aggression play a major role in violent situations. Through a psychological analysis, the motivations behind extreme forms of aggression, such as the one depicted by the serial killer are revealed. According to a similar psychological analysis conducted by Richardson Green, (2003, 15), the motivations behind murderous sprees committed by the serial killer in Wolf creek are illuminated.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Wolf Creek: Movie Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the film and several reviews on the same, Mick Taylor is a psychopath and a sadist. It is apparent that the serial killer suffers from self esteem and a personality disorder that leads individu als to commit heinous crimes such as sexual assault and severe decapitation of the victim’s limbs. From the film Mick Taylor espouses hatred for travelers visiting the historic site. Furthermore, the movie reveals that the three backpackers were not the only unfortunate travelers to fall in the hands of the serial killer. The lack of authorities in this region has motivated the serial killer to perpetrate serious crimes with impunity. No one is near to help the victims after they have been captured by the serial killer. Moreover, the personality disorder possessed by the serial killer is exacerbated by lack of medical attention that aids in ameliorating the problem. Psychiatric interventions may have helped in addressing the problems that compelled the serial killer to perform inhuman acts on his victims. The type of aggression revealed in the film is impulsive aggression. This form of aggression is comprehensively articulated by Anderson Bushman, (2002, 28). These authors h ave helped reveal that physical or emotional aggression can lead to extreme forms of violence, such as the one witnessed Wolf creek. Interactions in Mick Taylor’s life experiences led him to become the serial killer who lacks remorse and uses extreme aggression. Episodic or impulsive aggression is revealed by Anderson Bushman, (2002) as the main cause of antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior is synonymous with physical or mental forms of aggression. The perpetrator of violence in the film possesses severed a psychiatric disorder reserved for individuals who commit homicide or suicide. As abovementioned, Mick Taylor took advantage of the absence of law agents in the location of his premises, where most of the heinous acts were taking place. Distancing oneself from the community is a revelation of the genesis of mental disorders as postulated by Rappaport Thomas (2004). An empirical study by these authors reveals that the gender and age of an individual is important in exp laining the motivations behind extreme forms of aggression. It is apparent that Mick Taylor is a middle aged man whose social expectations have not been achieved. Lack of achievement or shattered expectations can incline an individual to engage in the crimes of the magnitude witnessed in the film.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Mick Taylor engages in extremely aggressive and violent tendencies because of the tender age of his victims who cannot resist his advances. Ostrov, Woods, Jansen, Casas, Crick (2004, 355) reveal through their study that gender of the aggressor plays an important role when extreme forms of violence or aggression occur. Particularly, the abovementioned study indicates that male offenders tend to use extreme forms of aggression characterized by violent and sadistic behaviour. On the other hand, female offenders tend to use verbal forms of aggression. In the film, Mick Taylor decapitates his victims, and this is a physical form of extreme aggression. Daffern, Howells, Ogloff, (2007, 103) have elaborated on the main causes of the unfortunate happenstance in Wolf creek. These authors use their study to classify aggressive and antisocial tendencies culminating in injury of the perpetrator. Despite relentless attacks from the victims, Mick Taylor is focused on causing grave bodi ly harm to his victims. Although the motivation behind the behaviour of the serial killer is not revealed in this study, studies by various authors have revealed that personality disorders lead an individual to commit severe crimes oblivious of the ramifications. The study by Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 107) and Rappaport Thomas (2004, 268) reveal the character of the aggressor and victims of aggression in the Wolf creek. The study also reveals how high levels of aggression lead to violence witnessed in the film. The film elucidates a form of aggression christened impulsive aggression. Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 107) provide a concrete explanation of the nature of this form of aggression. They state that impulsive aggression is prompted by autonomic arousal via provocation. The serial killer must have been provoked by the behaviour exhibited by the travelers. The serial killer exhibits emotions of anger from the numerous interactions with his victims. Similarly, Rappapor t Thomas (2004, 268) help reveal the motivations of the serial killer in the Wolf creek. The perpetrator of the crimes in the film uses exaggerated aggression because of the perceived isolation by the society. The personality of the Mick Taylor in wolf creek can be addressed through the intervention of psychiatrists. According to Rappaport Thomas (2004, 261), psychosocial treatment and therapy for cognitive behaviour can help cure the personality disorders similar to those exhibited by the serial killer in the film. Optimal treatment for extreme aggression can be achieved through the aforementioned interventions. The perpetrator of killings and severe decapitation in Wolf creek has a characteristic that can be termed as negativism in the psychology domain. Criminals with this personality trait are extremely violent because of negativity emanating from perceived neglect by the society. Mick Taylor exercises impunity and precision in his inhuman acts because of the notion that the s ociety was not interested in what was going on in his neighbourhood. Aggressive Behaviour in Group Situations Although the film reveals aggression perpetrated by an individual, the magnitude of this form of aggression surpasses that committed by groups. In the movie, Mick Taylor perpetrates the crimes on his own. According to Ostrava, Woods, Jansen, Casas, Crick (2004, 357), pro-social and aggressive behaviour may also occur in loners who exhibit severe personality disorders. The victims in this film formed a clique that was too frightened by their predicament that they sought help from a stranger with dire motives. Most of the serial killers often carry out their acts on their own and have similar personality disorders. Psychological problems make them loners. From Liz’s discovery, the serial killer had perpetrated similar crimes. Anderson Bushman (2002, 32) reveals that psychopaths like Mick Taylor are aware about their activities and harbor no remorse. Prior to the happe nstance in wolf creek, the serial killer had carried out similar crimes on travelers. Meier Hinsz (2004, 552), replicate a study by Ostrov, Woods, Jansen, Casas, Crick (2004, 357) in which they reveal the role of individuals or groups in the perpetration of heinous crimes. The serial killer was an irresponsible person motivated by lack of vigilance in his locality. Lack of responsibility is indicated by Meier Hinsz (2004, 552) as a major reason for why most of individuals perpetrate extreme forms of aggression. These severe forms of aggression often culminate in the loss of life or grievous bodily harm of the victim or the aggressor. Conclusion In conclusion, Wolf creek depicts the worst form of aggression and violence that can happen to innocent travelers. The film shows extreme, inexplicable, and gross violence perpetrated without a genuine cause. This film focuses on the predicament of three travelers who sought help from an ostensibly good mechanic. Various authors can help t o explain the motives behind the use of excess aggression by the serial killer depicted in the film. The authors of the aforementioned journals have articulated the form of aggression witnessed in this film. By focusing on the victims and the serial killer’s inclination towards aggression and violence, the film elucidates the role of the target of aggression in a crime. The victims in the film made a grave mistake by seeking help from a stranger in a deserted region. References Anderson, CA Bushman, BJ 2002, ‘Human aggression’ Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 27-51. Daffern, M, Howells, K, Ogloff, J 2007, ‘What’s the point? Towards a methodology for assessing the function of psychiatric inpatient aggression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 101–111. Meier, BP, Hinsz, VB 2004 ‘A comparison of human aggression committed by groups and individuals: An interindividual–intergroup discontinuity,†™ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 551–559. Ostrov, JM, Woods, KE, Jansen, EA, Casas, JF, Crick, NR 2004, ‘An observational study of delivered and received aggression,gender, and social-psychological adjustment in preschool:â€Å"This White Crayon Doesn’t Work†¦ †, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 355–371. Rappaport, N Thomas, C 2004, ‘Recent Research Findings on Aggressive and Violent Behaviour in Youth: Implications for Clinical,’ Journal Of Adolescent Health, Vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 260–277. This report on Wolf Creek: Movie Analysis was written and submitted by user Kayson Johnson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Procedures In Accident Investigation And Reporting Practiced Construction Essay Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Problem Section 15 (1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) says It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees. It is a well known fact that no matter how good and well established a site safety program is, accidents do happened from time to time. There are many factors that contribute to these accidents, not to mention the degree of severity and it is the job of the Safety and Health Officer to determine precisely what really happens when an accident occur. It is important to conduct accident investigations with accident prevention in mind. Investigations are NOT to place blame. 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It also defines a set of different research activities. Moreover, it defines what kind of research activities can be used to produce specific outputs. In tackling the questions brought herewith, a combination of primary data obtained from real research undertaken at site in the form of questionnaires and interviews involving personnel from specific department of a company and secondary data from materials taken from magazines, newspapers, internet etc will be used. Data derived from both of these data acquisition activities will hopefully answers some of the questions to the problems faced by the Safety Officers and Supervisors at site. Objective of Study The objectives of the study undertaken are to: To standardized the accident or incident reporting and investigating procedures practiced at site To address any shortcomings concluded from the study undertaken To ascertain the accident report mechanism currently practiced at site Research Questions Special consideration has to be taken in asking questions about accidents reporting and investigation. In order to ascertain where the communication breakdown occurs in an event of an accident, the main question that needs to be asked is: Do you know whom to call in case of an emergency? Is the Emergency Contact List prominently displayed at the site office or the work place? Have you been given proper induction training before starting work? Have you been given talks on what to do in an accident at your workplace? These questions have to be asked to workers of many ethnicity and considerations have to be given to the sensitivity of different cultures and religions. Significance of Study It is hoped that after conclusions have been made from the study undertaken, the accident reporting and investigation procedures could be further improve in line with the Occupational Safety and Health Management principles. Scope of Study This study encompasses the accident reporting and investigation procedures practiced at the Senai Pasir Gudang Desaru Expressway project. Two fatalities have been recorded at the worksite thus far and improvement to the overall work safety is of paramount importance to avoid any more fatalities. Accidents can yield positive results if we learn from what went wrong and prevent a reoccurrence. To achieve this we need to investigate the circumstances that led to the accident and report, record, analyses and correct its effects. Definition of Terms Below are the definitions of terms used for the purpose of this study. SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER a person appointed by the contractor at site to be responsible for maintaining safety and protection against accidents. This person shall have the authority to issue instructions and take proactive measures to prevent accidents. HOT WORK use of open flames, other heat sources and/or spark-producing devices where there is a potential for explosion or fire. INCIDENT an undesirable event, which has the potential to cause a serious accident. LOSS PREVENTION a before-the-loss procedure designed to identify and correct potential causes of accidents before they result in actual injuries or financial loss. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET a summary sheet supplied by the chemical manufacturers that identifies the hazards, proper handling procedures and emergency treatment for a particular chemical. REGULATION a rule, ordinance, law, legal regulation or device by which conduct or performances is controlled. SAFE WORK PERMIT a permit issued as a written record by which the employer or employee in charge of a unit, equipment, building or area authorizes a worker and/or crew to do a specific job at the worksite. It identifies the safe work practices required for the type of work to be performed in the specified job location. SERIOUS INCIDENT a life endangering event to people, property and environment, such as major collapse of structure or plant or any incident causing multiple injuries to workers. SUB-CONTRACTOR a business, firm, partnership, consultant or individual hired by the Contractor to perform a specific task or job; or any business, firm, partnership, consultant or individual, other than employees of the Contractor, working on or around Contractors property. VISITOR any person temporarily on the worksite who is not regularly involved in the daily worksite activities. This includes, but is not limited to, delivery personnel, invited guest, the general public, etc. WILL, SHALL OR MUST to be understood as a mandatory condition. Chapter 2 Accident Investigation and Reporting Introduction The failure of people, equipment, supplies, or surroundings to behave or react as expected causes most of them. Accident investigations determine how and why these failures occur. By using the information gained through an investigation, a similar, or perhaps more disastrous, accident may be prevented. It is important to conduct accident investigations with prevention in mind. Definition of Accident Investigation and Reporting The term accident can be defined as an unplanned event that interrupts the completion of an activity, and that may (or may not) include injury or property damage. An incident usually refers to an unexpected event that did not cause injury or damage this time but had the potential. Near miss or dangerous occurrence is also terms for an event that could have caused harm but did not. Accidents occur when hazards escape detection during preventive measures, such as a job or process safety analysis, when hazards are not obvious, or as the result of combinations of circumstances that were difficult to foresee. A thorough accident investigation may identify previously overlooked physical, environmental, administrative, or process hazards, the need for new or more extensive safety training, or unsafe work practices. The primary focus of any accident investigation should be the determination of the facts surrounding the incident and the lessons that can be learned to prevent future similar occurrences. Importance of Accident Investigation and Reporting The first priority whenever an accident occurs is to deal with the emergency and ensure that any injuries or illnesses receive prompt medical attention. The accident investigation should begin immediately thereafter. This ensures that details of what occurred will be fresh in peoples minds and that witnesses dont influence one another by talking about the accident. It also minimizes the likelihood that important evidence is not moved, lost, taken, destroyed, or thrown away before the scene has been thoroughly inspected. There are indeed significant gains from good quality accident investigations. Most importantly, accident investigation are carried out to find out the cause of accidents and to prevent similar accidents in the future. Apart from this, accident investigation is also carried out to learn from what went wrong. Determination of the cause of the accident is also an important factor. Preventing recurrence of the accident, improving the work environment, compliance of regula tory requirements, finding out the cost of the accident, to fulfil moral obligation, defining trends, provision of information in case of litigation, reduction of operating costs by control of accidental losses and to express concern by the management are some of the importance of carrying out an effective accident investigation and reporting. Conclusion All accidents should be investigated. The depth and complexity of the investigation will vary with the circumstances and seriousness of the accident. The Safety Officer or other individual responsible for operations involved in an accident should ensure that an investigation is conducted and that when appropriate, corrective actions are taken. Incidents that involve no injury or property damage should still be investigated to determine the hazards that should be corrected. The same principles apply to a quick inquiry of a minor incident and to the more formal investigation of a serious event. Note: The term incident is used in some situations and jurisdictions to cover both an accident and incident. It is argued that the word accident implies that the event was related to fate or chance. When the root cause is determined, it is usually found that many events were predictable and could have been prevented if the right actions were taken making the event not one of fate or chance (thus, the word incident is used). For simplicity, we will use the term accident to mean all of the above events. When accidents are investigated, the emphasis should be concentrated on finding the root cause of the accident rather than the investigation procedure itself so we can prevent it from happening again. The purpose is to find facts that can lead to actions, not to find fault. Always look for deeper causes. Do not simply record the steps of the event. Chapter 3 Methodology Introduction The important criteria in adopting a research methodology should depend on what information we need to collect in order to make an informed conclusion to questions that arises from problems that needs to be addressed. The more focused we are about what we want to gain by our research, the more effective and efficient we can be in our research, the shorter the time it will take us and ultimately the less it will cost us (whether in your own time, the time of your employees and/or the time of a consultant). There are trade offs, too, in the breadth and depth of information we get. The more breadth we want, usually the less depth well get (unless we have a great deal of resources to carry out the research). Study Location The study location would be the project site of the Senai-Pasir Gudang-Desaru Expressway with emphasis on the personnel involved at the work site. These personnel would be the Safety and Health Officer and Supervisor, the work supervisors and foremen whom are responsible over several workers. Questionnaire Questionnaires are an inexpensive way to gather data from a potentially large number of respondents. Often they are the only feasible way to reach a number of reviewers large enough to allow statistically analysis of the results. A well-designed questionnaire that is used effectively can gather information on both the overall performance of the test system as well as information on specific components of the system. If the questionnaire includes demographic questions on the participants, they can be used to correlate performance and satisfaction with the test system among different groups of users. For the purpose of this study, I have prepared a simple questionnaire directed at key personnel at the work site with questions encompassing various aspects of occupational safety and health such as written safety and health program, managers responsibility, supervisors responsibility, safety managers role, employees, safety committees, safety and health inspection, regulatory compliance, safety and health training, injury and illness prevention activities, accident investigation and reporting and lastly on emergency preparedness. A sample of this questionnaire is attached together with this project paper in appendix 1. Analysis of Data When analyzing data from questionnaires, always start from review of the research goals, i.e., the reason we undertook the research in the first place. This will help us organize our data and focus our analysis. For example, if we want to improve a program by identifying its strengths and weaknesses, we can organize data into program strengths, weaknesses and suggestions to improve the program. If we want to fully understand how our program works, we could organize data in the chronological order in which customers or clients go through our program. If we are conducting a performance improvement study, we can categorize data according to each measure associated with each overall performance result, e.g., employee learning, productivity and results. Chapter 4 Research Results Introduction A total of 10 questionnaires have been distributed to Safety Officers/Supervisors at the Senai Pasir Gudang Desaru Expressway project site and various other project sites in Melacca and Kuala Lumpur to gauge the accident investigation and reporting mechanism. Out of the 10 questionnaires given out, 8 responded. The sample of the questionnaire can be found in Appendix I. Respondence Background All of the respondence are qualified Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors appointed by their respective companies and are registered with the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) or at least have attended courses conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Malaysia. They were chosen as respondence base on their vast experience and knowledge on Construction Safety and Health issues. It is hoped that their valuable feedback could improve the accident reporting and investigation procedures practiced at their respective site. Research Outcome Response from the questionnaires is tabulated and the result is shown in the spreadsheet below. No Description Respondent YES NO YES % 1 Written Safety a. Management commitment 8 8 0 100 b. Safety performance standard 8 5 3 62.5 c. Employee involvement 8 8 0 100 d. Written safety rules/procedures 8 8 0 100 e. Safety inspection 8 7 1 87.5 f. Loss prevention 8 8 0 100 g. Regulatory compliance 8 8 0 100 h. Safety and health training 8 8 0 100 i. Accident reporting/investigation 8 6 2 75 j. Safety and health promotion 8 8 0 100 k. Return to work policy 8 1 7 12.5 Average YES 85.2 2 Do Managers: a. Conduct/attend safety meetings 8 6 2 75 b. Review serious accidents/near misses 8 8 0 100 c. Ensure supervisors accountable 8 4 4 50 d. Conduct safety inspection 8 6 2 75 e. Recognize safety performance 8 2 6 25 f. Attend safety training session 8 2 6 25 g. Talk to employees about safety 8 6 2 75 h. Follow safety rules and procedures 8 7 1 87.5 i. Require supervisors to complete one safety project/year 8 0 8 0 j. Encourage supervisors to attend outside safety training 8 6 2 75 k. Provide adequate resource for accident prevention 8 5 3 62.5 l. Include safety in supervisors job description/performance 8 4 4 50 m. Review the quality of accident investigation reports 8 6 2 75 Average YES 59.6 3 Do Safety Officers/Supervisors: a. Conduct safety meetings with their employees 8 8 0 100 b. Perform safety inspections of their department 8 8 0 100 c. Take appropriate action(s) to correct safety rules 8 8 0 100 d. Talk to their employees 8 8 0 100 e. Promptly complete and submit accident investigation reports 8 8 0 100 f. Attend supervisory safety training programs 8 8 0 100 g. Conduct periodic planned safety observations 8 8 0 100 h. Identify and complete at least one safety project annually 8 3 5 37.5 i. Review and respond promptly to employee suggestions 8 8 0 100 j. Initiate immediate action(s) to correct unsafe conditions/acts 8 8 0 100 Average YES 93.75 4 Do Safety Manager: a. Conduct formal safety and health inspections 8 4 4 50 b. Encourage employees to submit safety suggestions 8 0 8 0 c. Attend at least one departmental safety meeting each quarter 8 8 0 100 d. Participate in investigation of serious injuries/near misses 8 8 0 100 e. Coordinate regulatory compliance activities 8 4 4 50 f. Conduct safety training for employees/supervisors 8 2 6 25 g. Conduct induction training 8 8 0 100 h. Attend 1-2 professional development courses annually 8 8 0 100 i. Review accident statistics and workers compensation costs 8 8 0 100 j. Serve as Chairperson or member of the Safety Committee 8 8 0 100 Average YES 72.5 5 Do employees: a. Follow all established safety rules and procedures 8 6 2 75 b. Report unsafe conditions/accidents to their supervisor 8 7 1 87.5 c. Attend all required safety training programs 8 8 0 100 d. Submit safety suggestions 8 2 6 25 e. Maintain proper housekeeping at their work place 8 6 2 75 Average YES 72.5 6 Safety Committees a. Do your company have an active safety committee 8 8 0 100 b. If yes, does the Safety Committee i. Perform safety inspections 8 8 0 100 ii. Meet at least quarterly 8 8 0 100 c. Review all serious accidents 8 8 0 100 i. Recommend safety program improvement 8 8 0 100 ii. Monitor safety program effectiveness 8 8 0 100 iii. Take timely action on safety suggestion 8 6 2 75 iv. Maintain and publish minutes of each meeting 8 8 0 100 Average YES 96.9 7 Injury/Illness Prevention Activities a. Does your company use engineering controls and/or administrative controls to prevent or control workplace injuries and illnesses 8 8 0 100 b. Does your company use safety posters, health fairs etc to promote health and safety 8 8 0 100 c. Has a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) been completed for each hazardous job 8 8 0 100 d. Has your company developed an effective ergonomics program 8 2 6 25 e. Are safety and health requirements and concerns considered when purchasing new machines, equipment and chemical products 8 8 0 100 Average YES 85 8 Accident Reporting and Investigation a. Are all workplace injuries and illnesses reported and investigated 8 8 0 100 b. Are near misses and vehicle-related accidents reported and investigated 8 8 0 100 c. Have all supervisors and managers been trained in accident investigation procedures 8 8 0 100 d. Are Safety Officers/Supervisors required to complete a separate Accident Investigation Report 8 8 0 100 e. Are incomplete reports returned to the appropriate Safety Officers/Supervisors 8 8 0 100 f. Are accident prevention programs and activities based upon an analysis of accident reports and injury and illness rates 8 6 2 75 Average YES 95.8 9 Emergency Preparedness a. Does your company have a current Emergency Response Plan 8 8 0 100 b. Are emergency phone numbers and building maps/site maps posted 8 8 0 100 c. Do all personnel know how to respond to an emergency such as fire 8 6 2 75 d. Do your company conduct periodic disaster drills 8 4 4 50 e. Are alarms tested at least once per month 8 8 0 100 Average YES 85% Main Elements Studied The main elements studied are the Accidents Investigation and Reporting procedures. The targeted questions with respect to this area are as below:- Does your company have a current written safety and health program that addresses the following elements? i. Accident reporting and investigation? (75% answered YES) Do managers m. Review the quality of accident investigation reports? (75% answered YES) 3. Do safety officers/supervisors e. Promptly complete and submit accident investigation reports? (100% answered YES) 4. Do safety managers d. Participate in the investigation of serious injuries and near misses? (100% answered YES) 5. Do employees b. Report unsafe conditions and accidents to their safety officers/supervisors? (87.5% answered YES) 6. Safety committees c. Review all serious accidents? (100% answered YES) 8. Accident reporting and investigation All questions in this section are relevant to the topic discussed. (Average YES 95.8%) 9. Emergency Preparedness All questions in this section are relevant to the topic discussed. (Average YES 85%) Generally almost all of the respondents reported positively on aspects of accident investigation and reporting in their respective companies. From having a clear written policies to having an emergency response plan in place are sure signs that accident investigation and reporting are taken seriously and thus, the standards of safety and health could only improve. Chapter 5 Conclusion Introduction With every company taking a serious stand on aspects of safety and health at the work site, so does accident investigation and reporting procedures. From the feedback gathered through questionnaires, the accident investigation and reporting mechanism are properly in placed and practiced. Discussion Accidents are usually complex. An accident may have 10 or more events that can be causes. A detailed analysis of an accident will normally reveal three cause levels: basic, indirect, and direct. At the lowest level, an accident results only when a person or object receives an amount of energy or hazardous material that cannot be absorbed safely. This energy or hazardous material is the DIRECT CAUSE of the accident. The direct cause is usually the result of one or more unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Unsafe acts and conditions are the INDIRECT CAUSES or symptoms. In turn, indirect causes are usually traceable to poor management policies and decisions, or to personal or environmental factors. These are the BASIC CAUSES. In spite of their complexity, most accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes. Accident investigations determine not only what happened, but also how and why. The information gained from these investigations can prevent recurrence of similar or perhaps more disastrous accidents. Accident investigators are interested in each event as well as in the sequence of events that led to an accident. The accident type is also important to the investigator. The recurrence of accidents of a particular type or those with common causes shows areas needing special accident prevention emphasis. The actual procedures used in a particular investigation depend on the nature and results of the accident. The agency having jurisdiction over the location determines the administrative procedures. In general, responsible officials will appoint an individual to be in charge of the investigation. The investigator uses most of the following steps: 1. Define the scope of the investigation. 2. Select the investigators. Assign specific tasks to each (preferably in writing). 3. Present a preliminary briefing to the investigating team, including: a. Description of the accident, with damage estimates. b. Normal operating procedures. c. Maps (local and general). d. Location of the accident site. e. List of witnesses. f. Events that preceded the accident. 4. Visit the accident site to get updated information. 5. Inspect the accident site. a. Secure the area. Do not disturb the scene unless a hazard exists. b. Prepare the necessary sketches and photographs. Label each carefully and keep accurate records. 6. Interview each victim and witness. Also interview those who were present before the accident and those who arrived at the site shortly after the accident. Keep accurate records of each interview. Use a tape recorder if desired and if approved. 7. Determine a. What was not normal before the accident? b. Where the abnormality occurred. c. When it was first noted. d. How it occurred. 8. Analyze the data obtained in step 7. Repeat any of the prior steps, if necessary. 9. Determine a. Why the accident occurred. b. A likely sequence of events and probable causes (direct, indirect, basic). c. Alternative sequences. 10. Check each sequence against the data from step 7. 11. Determine the most likely sequence of events and the most probable causes. 12. Conduct a post-investigation briefing. 13. Prepare a summary report, including the recommended actions to prevent a recurrence. Distribute the report according to applicable instructions. An investigation is not

Workplace Telecommunications Essay examples -- Telephone Phone Systems

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Workplace Telecommunications The telecommunication system at XYZ Corporation meets the needs of its medium sized business. Their phone system consists of 1,000 2400 series digital phones. These phones help to improve the efficiency and productivity of our organization and simplify the flow of information because of the enhanced features such as the ability to expand your 24 button telephone with additional 50 button expansion modules. With this phone system there's no need to change station wiring or cross connects, your staff can move telephone sets around without the help of a technician. This feature saves time and money for every day moves. Each phone has a full duplex speaker phone a 2x24 display size (lines x characters) and expansion unit ports. Our organization uses a PBX system to route voice data, and internal video transmissions, while we send all external calls through one or more lines to the provider's central office. Digital PBX acts as the gateway between users and external world. To connect to t he outside, we connect to the public network with Sprint digital PBX trunks. Each digital trunk is delivered on a T1 (1.5 Mbps) line. PBX trunks provide individual phone numbers to all of our employees without purchasing individual, physical lines. The T1 bundle comes with many services which include: local loop access, 24 digital voice channels, configurable trunk lines, block of DID numbers, voicemail, a link to calling services. S...

Discuss Shakespeare’s dramatic technique in Act one scenes 1 to 7 Essay

The chief character of the play is Macbeth. He is first of all Thane of Glamis and then inherits the title thane of Cawdor from an executed traitor. Instigated by a prophecy from the Witches that he will become king, and urged on by his wife, he murders King Duncan, and has himself proclaimed king. To secure his position, he is driven to commit further criminal acts, and plunges his country into civil war. After he is killed in battle by Macduff he is described as a ‘dead butcher’. The first scene is set on the ‘moor’ that is bleak and desolate. This scene is one of desolation and devastation. The desolate countryside metaphorically separates the humans from the Witches who are used to open the play to introduce the idea of fate and destiny. From the stage directions, the ‘battlefield’ creates a scene of death, carnage and destruction in line 4, ‘when the battle’s lost and won’ and line 12 and 13, ‘fair is foul and foul is fair’ a paradox is offered. How can fair be foul? How a battle be lost and won? The Witches’ chant in rhyming couplets and their speech is deliberately equivocal to create confusion in the mortals, as it is open t interpretation. He rhyming couplets give the effect of an incantation, while the thunder and lightning echo the noise of the battle. Similarly strange is thepaaradox that closes the scene: contained within it is the oxymoron, ‘fair is foul, and foul is fair’, a paradoxical idea that the Witches are able to transform what is good into evil, and make what is evil appear virtuous. These are also the first words spoken in the play by Macbeth, the echo establishes an unconscious contact with the Witches and is dramatically effective. We discover that the Witches are on the ‘moor’ ‘to meet with Macbeth’. They seem to know where Macbeth will be. Once again they show that they can foretell the future. What can Macbeth the play’s eponymous hero have to do with these abnormal, ‘weird woman’ who ‘look not like th’inhabitants of earth’? How does he fit into their plans? The opening scene heightens the audience’s expectations, as Macbeth will soon appear on stage, the audience will try and establish exactly why the Witches hope t meet him. Witches held great significance for a Jacobean audience who believed in witchcraft. Witches were the objects of morbid and fevered fascination during this era. The Jacobeans were afraid and superstitious. They suspected that the Witches were credited with powers and could predict the future, fly, cause fogs and tempests, bring on night in daytime, kill animals and curse people, with fatal diseases as well as induce nightmares. By the use of this technique, Shakespeare knew that he would get his audience’s attention with the opening scene. Although brief, this scene sets the supernatural atmosphere of the play, which is central to its dramatic action. In scene two, Shakespeare cleverly moves the scene to establish a different mood when introducing the humans. The seething battlefield replaces the moor, foul thunder is replaced by the sound of the military alarum and the humans replace the Witches. In this scene we meet Duncan, the King of Scotland, and his sons, Donalbain and Malcolm. Duncan’s supremacy is instantly established for he is the first to speak. They receive a report of the battle fought against the King of Norway and Macdonwald, the thane of Cawdor who has proved disloyal to Duncan. From the report he audience learns about the heroism and bravery of one of the King Duncan’s generals, Macbeth. Shakespeare continues to build suspense as he introduces the humans. The audience are also introduced to evil in man and the evil in warfare. The playwright’s use of language helps to bring the battle to life and emphasises Macbeth’s importance. Dynamic verbs like, ‘smok’d’, ‘brandish’d’ and ‘unseam’d’ suggest Macbeth’s skills and courage as his sword ‘smok’d with bloody execution’. Once again we hear about Macbeth before we see him. Hw=e is spoken of in glowing terms and he becomes a hero in the eyes of the audience. Though he is referred to as a ‘worthy gentlemen’, there is still the memory that his name is connected with the Witches. ‘Brave Macbeth’ kills Macdonwald by carving ‘out his passage’ ’till he unseem’d him from the nave to the chops’ ‘with his brandish’d steel’ that ‘smok’d with bloody execution’. Part of this description highlights Macbeth’s bravery and valour, but the captain’s description of Macbeth’s ‘unseeming’ of Macdonwald can be interpreted in different ways. Shakespeare intentionally paints an ambiguous picture of Macbeth. Macbeth, however, is still not satisfied until he had ‘fix’d [Macdonwald’s] head’ upon the ‘battlements’. The decapitation of Macdonwald would support a more negative reading of Macbeth as oppose to his courageous behaviour. Scene two concludes with an ironic note as Macbeth is rewarded with the title of ‘Thane of Cawdor’ which has been taken from ‘that most disloyal traitor’ and given to Macbeth, who will prove to be more treacherous: ‘No more than Thane of Cawdor shall deceive, Our bosom interest. Go pronounce his death, And with his former title greet Macbeth’. The audience will realise that to make Macbeth Thane of Cawdor is a great mistake. We see Macbeth, the loyal subject and great hero who fought for good, change and become corrupt, and gradually deteriorate into a vicious tyrant. At the start of scene three, we meet the Witches once again in foul weather and we begin to witness their spiteful destructive nature. One ‘sister’ has been ‘killing swine’ while another has possession of a ‘pilot’s thumb’. The other Witch punishes a sailor’s wife by conjuring up a storm, therefore getting at her husband. From this the audience learns that the powers the Witches carry are limited. They cannot kill, but are able to create a climate for evil to flourish. ‘Though his bark cannot be lost Yet it shall be tempest-toss’d’. The Witches’ curse on the sailor can be read as a prediction of Macbeth’s future. We are shown that the Witches are determined to make people suffer. They torment the sailor and drain him ‘dry as hay’. They deny him sleep at ‘night’ and in the ‘day’. They ensure that ‘he shall live a man forbid’. However, Macbeth can be destroyed because the forces of veil are present within him. He alone causes chaos in the world by destroying the natural order when he deliberately choose the path of evil. The ship is a metaphor for the state of Scotland which is going to ‘tempest toss’d’ when Macbeth becomes king. ‘A drum beats and Macbeth makes an entrance. We finally meet him and it is significant that his first appearance is with the Witches on the ‘moor’. This represents his connection with evil. His paradoxical word ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’ arrests us because it replicates those of the Witches. This once again draws inferences between Macbeth and evil. This could suggest that the Witches have control over Macbeth, or that the ‘hags’ are in some way similar to him. The appearance of the Witches like their speeches is equivocal. It is Banquo, who is used now as a dramatic device, who first comments on the bizarre appearance of the Witches. They ‘look not like th’inhabitants o’th earth, and yet are on’t’ and they appear to be ‘women’ though they have ‘beards’. Banquo is calm and is looking for a reasonable explanation to why the Witches are on the moor, whilst Macbeth is impatient and wants an immediate answer to why the Witches have come with ‘such prophetic greetings’. The Witches prophesise that Macbeth, ‘Thane of Glamis’ will become ‘Thane of Cawdor’ and ‘king hereafter’, and that Banquo will have kings. Part of the prophecy is immediately fulfilled when a messenger announces that Duncan, King of Scotland has promoted Macbeth Thane of Cawdor. We the audience realise, that from the previous scene, Macbeth with his courage and bravery, and not the Witches’ powers, has won him the title ‘Thane of Cawdor’. Macbeth is ‘rapt withal’ and becomes lost in his thoughts, as the Witches have articulated his secret desire of killing the King. His mind has been corrupted and he wants glory for himself. Shakespeare shows how evil can control what is good in Macbeth. Macbeth is torn between the forces of good and evil and he believes that he cannot be king unless evil wins over good. Macbeth reveals a disturbed mind, when he speaks his own thoughts aloud in a soliloquy, as murder is in his mind. His first thought is to leave everything to chance: ‘If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me, Without my stir’ Macbeth has asked Ross and Angus, the messengers, why they ‘dress [him] in borrow’d robes’- why they call him by the name of Cawdor, when Cawdor lives. By the end of the scene Macbeth is contemplating ‘borrowing’ the king’s ‘robes’. The reference to clothing in this scene is symbolic. The imagery of clothing indicates status, prestige and symbolises a person’s title. By using the imagery of clothing, Shakespeare is trying to show that if you wear someone else’s clothes they may feel uncomfortable and they may ‘cleave not to their mould’ because they are ‘borrow’d’. Therefore if Macbeth wears the robes of the kingship they will ‘cleave not to [his] mould’ as he is not worthy of the kings throne. When the Witches depart in this scene, Macbeth orders them to, ‘Stay, you imperfect speakers tell me more’. Macbeth’s curiosity has got the better of him and his demand of the Witches indicates his obsessive interest with these ‘weird women’ and their prophecies. The Witches ‘vanish’ into the air as they do not receive orders from mortals and will not be dictated to. The source and purpose of their evil remains a mystery to the audience. Shakespeare metaphorically compares the disappearance of the Witches to ‘bubbles’. Macbeth’s life can also be represented as a bubble, as the ‘honour, love, obedience’ and ‘troops of old friends’ that he has will soon disappear under the wishes they had ‘stay’d’. Ross and Angus enter, they are used as dramatic devices to convey to Macbeth the Kings decision to reward Macbeth with the title ‘Thane of Cawdor’. Macbeth and Banquo are both shocked as the ‘devil’ has spoken the truth. Macbeth is already snared by the Witches’ prophecies, as he believes that, ‘The greatest is behind’ On the other hand, Banquo can see through the trickery of the Witches. He is sceptical and can see through Macbeth’s motives in asking him whether he hopes his heirs will become kings. Banquo tries to warm Macbeth against the ‘instruments of darkness’. He tries to convince Macbeth that the Witches tell simple truths that are easy to believe, so that when they want to deceive people with more important matters they will also be believed. ‘And often times, to win us to our harm, The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray’s In deepest consequence’. Banquo is portrayed b by Shakespeare in a positive light, as he does not make him an accomplice in Duncan’s murder. The stage directions show that Macbeth turns ‘aside’. This informs the audience that he is talking to himself. This symbolises Macbeth turning away from the other characters in the play as well as the path to righteousness. Shakespeare uses dramatic language to emphasise Macbeth’s horror. His ‘seated heart knock’ at his ‘ribs’ and his hair is ‘unfix’ed’. The scene concludes with Macbeth and Banquo following Ross and Angus to meet the king. The audience are filled with a sense of apprehension and anticipation. One question remains: how will Macbeth get the crown? Scene four opens with a focus on treachery and betrayal. King Duncan hears his son, Malcolm, relate how the treacherous Cawdor has been executed. Also in this scene Duncan reveals his lack of knowledge regarding his own thanes. He exposes a very human weakness-one which lies at the heart of the play- the difficulty of working out who is loyal and who is pretyending loyalty: ‘There’s no art to find the Mind’s construction in the face’. It seems likely that there is an implicit criticism of Duncan here: a good King should be able to assess the loyalty of all his servants. Duncan’s failure to do so reveals his limitation as a monarch- one who is taken in by appearances. Dramatic irony is introduced where Duncan announces that Cawdor was a Kinsman in whom he had ‘absolute trust’. Macbeth’s betrayal will replicate that of Cawdor’s. When Macbeth and Banquo enter, Duncan immediately singles out Macbth for praise, ‘o’worthiest cousin’. The superlative ‘worthiest’ subtly reveals that Macbeth is yet another thane in whom Duncan has ‘absolute trust’. Macbeth is the most dangerous of the potential traitors because he is closest to the king. Scene four is the only time we see Macbeth and Duncan together and Shakespeare contrasts the forces of good and evil. Macbeth’s deceit and hypocrisy is shown in this scene when he praises King Duncan and promises to honour him with ‘loyalty’. He convinces Duncan that servicing ‘your highness’ will be its own reward. Macbeth is a hypocrite because in the previous scene he has contemplated the ‘murder’ of Duncan. Duncan ironically comments that he has started to metaphorically ‘plant Macbeth’, meaning that he will make sure that Macbeth grows greater and stronger as a reward for his services. This is ironic because what is growing in Macbeth is the seed of ambition to be King himself. Shakespeare deliberately plants an obstacle in Macbeth’s path when Duncan announces that his eldest son, Malcolm, is to succeed him as king. Macbeth now sees Malcolm as an obstacle between himself and the throne ‘which he must fall down’ or ‘else o’er leap’. Shakespeare uses the euphemism that Malcolm is a ‘step’ he must ‘o’er leap’, in order to disguise the realisation that Malcolm must be eradicated. In an ‘aside’, symbolically turning his back on the King, Macbeth reveals to the audience, and articulates for the first time his ‘black and deep desires’. He invokes the powers of darkness to ‘hide [their] fires’. At the beginning of scene five, we see that Macbeth and his ‘dearest partner of greatness’, Lady Macbeth, have a very close relationship. This is a contrast to how distant they become later on in the play when Macbeth’s ‘fiend-like queen’ is ‘innocent of the knowledge’. She is ‘innocent of the knowledge’ as Macbeth does not confide about his plans to kill Banquo, and she shows ignorance of Macbeth’s murder of Macduff’s family. She asks in her rambling state ‘where’ the Thane of Fife’s wife is ‘now’. Macbeth’s lack of sorrow when he hears of his wife’s death is also indicative of how they have drifted apart. In all the public scenes in the play she acts ‘like the innocent flower’; in the private scenes we see the ‘serpent under’t’. It is suggested that she commits suicide as she has become lonely and rather isolated. Lady Macbeth does not live up to the expectation of a typical Jacobean/Elizabethan woman. She wants the spirits the ‘spirits’ to ‘unsex’ her so that she can be tough and strong. Lady Macbeth uses strong imperatives and determined language that is brutal and violent. This is because she is delighted with her husband’s letter and shows determination that he will become king. The letter form Macbeth describes the Witches’ appearances, their prophecies-in particular that which promises the throne to Macbeth- but does not mention King Duncan’s announcement of his heir; the audience can therefore, assume that this letter was written immediately after the events which occur in the third scene. Although Lady Macbeth knows that her husband is ambitious, she is aware that he ‘is too full o’the milk of human kindness’. She says that ruthlessness is an ‘illness’ that Macbeth does not have. This is not a true portrayal of Macbeth, because from the previous scenes and throughout the play we see that Macbeth is not ‘too full o’the milk of human kindness’ but lacks it. Perhaps she is comparing Macbeth to herself and is saying that Macbeth is not as ambitious as she is. Lady Macbeth under estimates the powers of her conscience. She see her conscience as her weakness, not realising until after Duncans ‘murder’ how she will pour[her] spirits in his ear’. She has also decided that nothing will stand between him (or her?) and the ‘golden crown’ ( a metonym for the throne). Lady Macbeth greets her husband like the Witches, which subconsciously links her to evil and believes that her call to the ‘murdering ministers’ has been answered. She feels ‘now the future in the instant’ and that she is ‘beyond this ignorant present’. This is ironic as Lady Macbeth is still being ‘ignorant’. Lady Macbeth’s confidence is a contrast to Macbeth’s uncertainty. She advises him to ‘look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t’ and to ‘only look up clear’. She is in control of their relationship and tries to help Macbeth find the necessary determination to do the ‘deed’. Though Lady Macbeth appears to be confident, she uses euphemisms when talking to Macbeth about the ‘nights great business’. At this point in the play, Macbeth has been tempted to commit regicide, however he has tried to resist temptation. Macbeth’s resistance, however, is not vigorous enough to stand up to his wife’s ability to manipulate him. The scene closes dramatically with Lady Macbeth’ emphatic affirmation that Duncan’s fate rests in her hands- ‘leave all the rest to me’. Scene six sees King Duncan arriving at Macbeth’s castle, he and Banquo talk about how ‘pleasant’ a place it is to visit. They comment that the air ‘recommends itself’ and ‘is delicate’. This is ironic in view of Lady Macbeth’s words in the previous scene, and even more so when compared with that of the Witches say about the ‘fog and filthy air’ surrounding their evil deeds. Duncan also says that he is grateful for the ‘love’ which is shown to him. Here again, Shakespeare uses dramatic irony. The idea that Duncan feels safe and loved in the surroundings is ironic as this will be the scene of his murder. This creates a sense of anticipation for the audience. It shows Duncan’s naivety, as he keeps full trust in Macbeth and his ‘fair and noble hostess’. We are presented in this scene with images of tranquillity and the words ‘host’ and ‘guest’ are repeated. At the beginning of scene seven, we once again see the struggle between the forces of good and evil. Macbeth cannot make up his mind whether to kill Duncan and he wrestles with his conscience in his soliloquy. He knows that the murder would be wrong and would he would end up paying the price for his crime, but he has ‘vaulting ambition’ that is very persuasive to his conscience. Though Macbeth is driven by ‘his vaulting ambition’ he redeems himself and ‘will proceed no further in this business’, as Duncan’s murder will be ‘like angels, trumpet-tongu’d’ and heaven would be outraged. The verb ‘will’ shows Macbeth’s determination to keep his soul. Toward the end of his soliloquy Macbeth compares his excessive ambition to a horse that tries to jump too high and fall on the other side of the fence. Within the soliloquy Macbeth’s thoughts seem to be fragmented, this is shown by the use of many full stops. Lady Macbeth verbally assaults her husband using violent language that becomes heightened. She accuses him of being a ‘coward’ and questions his manhood: ‘when you durst do it’, she says, ‘ then you were a man’. She is forceful in her language and she conjures up images of horror. She knows, ‘How tender’tis love the babe that milks me: I would, While it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from boneless gums, and dash’d the brains out†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Lady Macbeth seems to have been granted her earlier wish to the evil spirits to ‘Fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty’. Macbeth’s earlier decision not to kill Duncan crumbles under the scornful attack of his wife, especially when his bravery is questioned. However, he is still worried bout what will happen to then if they ‘should fail’. Shakespeare cleverly ends the scene with rhyming couplets. ‘Away, and mock the time with fairest show, False face must hide what the false heart doth know’. The rhyming couplets symbolise their connection with the Witches and evil as they complete their preparations for murder. The audience waits in anticipation. Throughout Act one Shakespeare creates an atmosphere of tension by exploring the theme of evil against good. Symbolism is used to emphasise this theme. Dramatic irony, dramatic language and strong descriptive scenes also help to build up an atmosphere of tension.

Understanding Dementia Professor Ramos Blog

Understanding Dementia Allison Hepburn 10/10/2018 English 010 3pm                                                                 Understanding Dementia Dementia is characterized by progressive global deterioration of cognitive abilities in multiple domains, including memory, and at least 1 additional area- learning, orientation, language, comprehension, and judgment- severe enough to interfere with daily life (Daviglus 176) .Different forms of dementia, including vascular disorders (multiple strokes), dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinsons dementia, and normal pressure hydrocephalus would be grouped among the non-Alzheimer disorders (Dementia). Alzheimer disease is the most common cause of dementia it accounts for 60% to 80% of all dementia cases, and as many as 5.1 million Americans may currently have the disease; the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is even higher (Daviglus 176). Furthermore, the number of persons affected by Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment is expected to increase considerably with the aging of the baby-boom generation (Daviglus 176). About 5 percent to 8 percent of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age (Dementia). It is estimated that as many as half of people 85 or older suffer from dementia (Dementia). Although dementia has always been common, it has become even more common among the elderly in recent history. It is not clear if this increased frequency of dementia reflects a greater awareness of the symptoms or if people simply are living longer and thus are more likely to develop dementia in their older age (Dementia). The cognitive or behavioral impairment involves a minimum of two of the following domains: Impaired ability to acquire and remember new information––symptoms include: repetitive questions or conversations, misplacing personal belongings, forgetting events or appointments, getting lost on a familiar route (McKhann., et al). Impaired reasoning and handling of complex tasks, poor judgment––symptoms include: poor understanding of safety risks, inability to manage finances, poor decision-making ability, inability to plan complex or sequential activities (McKhann., et al). Impaired visuospatial abilities––symptoms include: inability to recognize faces or common objects or to find objects in direct view despite good acuity, inability to operate simple implements, or orient clothing to the body (McKhann., et al). Impaired language functions (speaking, reading, writing) ––symptoms include: difficulty thinking of common words while speaking, hesitations; speech, spelling, and writing errors (McKhann., et al). Changes in personality, behavior, or comportment––symptoms include: uncharacteristic mood fluctuations such as agitation, impaired motivation, initiative, apathy, loss of drive, social withdrawal, decreased interest in previous activities, loss of empathy, compulsive or obsessive behaviors, socially unacceptable behaviors (McKhann., et al). Diabetes mellitus, ApoE gene variation, current smoking, and depression are associated with increased risk for Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline (Daviglus., et al 180). Several cardiovascular risk factors have been consistently associated with increased risk for cognitive decline (Daviglus., et al 180). High blood pressure has been most consistently associated with cognitive decline, and particularly with severe cognitive decline (Daviglus., et al 180). Diabetes also has been associated with an increased Risk for cognitive decline, but this association is modest and less consistent (Daviglus., et al 180). The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, has been consistently associated with a modest risk for cognitive decline (Daviglus., et al 180). A large randomized trial of cognitive training (consisting of memory, reasoning, and speed) over 5 to 6 weeks with a subsequent booster period showed modest benefits on cognitive functioning and a small, statistically significant effect on reducing the extent of age-related cognitive decline at 5-year follow-up (Daviglus., et al 180). This trial also showed a very small significant benefit on instrumental activities of daily living- for example, managing finances, managing medications, and keeping house- and, in a subgroup analysis, benefit on driving performance in elderly persons (Daviglus., et al 180). However, these findings need to be replicated to confirm the benefits of cognitive engagement on preventing cognitive decline over a longer period and in persons with varying levels of baseline cognitive abilities before firm recommendations can be made (Daviglus., et al 180). Currently, no evidence of even moderate scientific quality exists to support the association of any modifia ble factor (such as nutritional supplements, herbal preparations, dietary factors, prescription or nonprescription drugs, social or economic factors, medical conditions, toxins, or environmental exposures) with reduced risk for Alzheimer disease. Numerous modifiable factors have been reported to show association with risk for Alzheimer disease across multiple studies, but the overall scientific quality of the evidence is low. I interviewed Nancy Hepburn who had a grandmother with dementia and is currently taking care of her mother who also had dementia. â€Å"The hardest thing to go through is them not remembering who I am and the times we had together† (Hepburn). My grandmother started having abnormal behavior and accused me of stealing her perfume, but I later found out she was hiding them (Hepburn). Nancy Hepburn also says, â€Å"My mother still remembers who I am but has short term memory loss, I have noticed while taking care of her, one thing that gets me frustrated and is also a very hard thing to do is have a conversation with her†. â€Å"We will start talking about a topic and then she will ask me the same thing that she did seconds before, or she gets it all mixed up and loses the point of what we were talking about† (Hepburn). You need to have a lot of patience and understanding for their circumstances and no matter how bad it gets, it’s your family member and you ha ve to understand they weren’t like that before the disease (Hepburn). As the disease progresses, these activities can enhance the person’s sense of dignity and self-esteem by giving more purpose and meaning to his or her life. Activities also structure time. They can make the best of a person’s abilities and facilitate relaxation. Being active can also provide a sense of engagement, usefulness and accomplishment, which can help reduce behavior like wandering or agitation. Both a person with dementia and his or her caregiver can enjoy the sense of security and togetherness that activities provide. Consider the person’s likes and dislikes, strengths and abilities, and interests. As the disease progresses, be ready to make adjustments (Alzheimer’s Associations 2).   Daily routines may include:  » Chores: Dusting, sweeping, doing laundry.  » Mealtime: Preparing food, cooking, eating.  » Personal care: Bathing, shaving, dressing. Other activities may include:  » Creative: Painting, playing the piano.  » Intellectual: Reading a book, doing puzzles.  » Physical: Taking a walk, playing catch.  » Social: Having coffee, talking, playing cards.  » Spiritual: Praying, singing a hymn.  » Spontaneous: Visiting friends, going out to dinner.  » Work-related: Making notes, fixing something (Alzheimer’s Associations 2). To determine if the daily plan is working, consider the person’s response to each activity (Alzheimer’s Associations 8). The success of an activity can vary from day to day (Alzheimer’s Associations 8). In general, if the person seems bored, distracted or irritable, it may be time to introduce another activity or take a break (Alzheimer’s Associations 8). Structured and pleasant activities often can reduce agitation and improve mood (Alzheimer’s Associations 8). The type of activity and how well it’s completed is not as important as the joy and sense of accomplishment the person gets from doing it (Alzheimer’s Associations 8). Cited page Alzheimer’s Associations. â€Å"Activities at Home Planning the Day for a Person with MIDDLE- OR LATE-STAGE DEMENTIA Middle- or Late- Stage Dementia† (2017) 1-12 This article explains daily activities to plan with a dementia patient. I believe this source is credible because it is written by the Alzheimer’s Association. I will use this information in my research to find different activities that will better help the dementia patient along with the caregivers. Daviglus, Martha L., et al. National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference statement: preventing alzheimer disease and cognitive decline. Annals of internal medicine 153.3 (2010): 176-181. This article researched the reduction of risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. I find this article credible because state-of-the-science statements were prepared by independent panels of health professionals and public representatives by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). I will use this source in my report to better understand the risk factors and preventions of Alzheimer’s Disease. Dementia. (2014) my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9170-dementia. This source is credible because it is information from a clinic. I will use the information in the article to better understand dementia and what its symptoms are. Hepburn, Nancy, Personal interview. 2 Oct. 2018 This source is credible because she has a mother and had a grandmother who both have and had dementia. I will use this information to better understand what it is like taking care of an Alzheimer’s patient. McKhann, Guy M., et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimers disease. Alzheimers dementia 7.3 (2011): 263-269. This article explains the different behavioral impartments on Alzheimer’s disease. I believe this to be a credible source because it is information from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association. I will use this source to the impairments that dementia causes.

Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent Biography

Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent Biography Fluently bilingual, with an Irish mother and a Quà ©bà ©cois father, Louis St. Laurent was an apolitical lawyer when he went to Ottawa in 1941 to be Minister of Justice and Mackenzie Kings Quebec lieutenant temporarily until the end of the war. St. Laurent did not retire from politics until 1958. The post-war years were prosperous in Canada, and Louis St. Laurent expanded social programs and began many mega-projects. While the influence of Britain on Canada was gradually decreasing, the influence of the United States on Canada grew. Prime Minister of Canada 1948-57 Highlights as Prime Minister Newfoundland joined Canada 1949 (see Joey Smallwood)Trans-Canada Highway Act 1949Canada was a founding member of NATO 1949Canada contributed troops to the UN force in Korea from 1950 to 1953. More than 26,000 Canadians served in the Korean War and 516 died.Canada played a role in resolving Suez Crisis 1956St. Lawrence Seaway started construction 1954Introduced equalization payments to distribute federal taxes to provincial governments 1956Introduced universal old age pensionsProvided funds for hospital insuranceCreated Canada Council 1956 Birth and Death Born on February 1, 1882, in Compton, OntarioDied on July 25, 1973, in Quebec City, Quebec Education BA - St. Charles Seminary, Sherbrooke, QuebecLL.L - Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec Professional Background Corporate and constitutional lawyerLaw professorPresident of the Canadian Bar Association 1930-32Counsel, Rowell-Sirois Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations Political Affiliation Liberal Party of Canada Riding (Electoral District) Quebec East Political Career of Louis St. Laurent In 1941, at the age of 59 and at the request of Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent agreed to be Minister of Justice until World War II was over. Louis St. Laurent was first elected to the House of Commons in a by-election in 1942. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada from 1941 to 1946 and again in 1948, and Secretary of State for External Affairs from 1946 to 1948. He was elected Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1948. In 1948, Louis St. Laurent was sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada. The Liberals won the general elections of 1949 and 1953. The Liberals lost the general election in 1957 and Louis St. Laurent became Leader of the Opposition. John Diefenbaker became Prime Minister. Louis St. Laurent resigned as Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1958.

Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Policy - Essay Example As an assistant director if the company, I have come up with a policy that will enable parents to keep touch with their children even when they are out of the facility for a recreational visit. The phones will also allow parents to alert the facility beforehand if they want to visit their children. The new cell phones will be managed by the manager of each facility, and he will be in charge of assigning the staff in charge of handling the mobile phone. The responsibility of the assigned staff would be to ensure that the one is charged all the time so that it never goes off to ensure that the facility is reachable at all times. The assigned staff would also be responsible for checking all the voice messages, and any information that is intended for the management should be forwarded accordingly. In cases where there are two groups going out for a recreation facility, it is the responsibility of the staff in charge to ensure that the other group has a reliable phone number that can be used in cases of

Spirituality of Miccosukee Indian tribe Research Paper - 1

Spirituality of Miccosukee Indian tribe - Research Paper Example These spirit animals are often seen in a vision quest that each Native American do when they are young. This vision quest is a time for fasting and prayer and the youth hope to see their totem animal that also becomes their guardian (Gold, 2007). The Florida Seminoles and the Miccosukee believe in a Great Spirit or the Breath Maker who is in charge of making and maintaining life (â€Å"Religion of..†, n.d.). The meaning of life is very important to the Miccosukee because they acknowledge that everything is a part of their environment. All life is important. In the old days, when they hunted, they asked the spirit of the animal that was being killed, for forgiveness (â€Å"Religion of† , n.d.). The Miccosukee would also pray to a spirit of a tree before cutting down the tree. The Miccosukee may state that their strength comes from their religion and the fact that they have not adopted the Western ways. Because they are unique in keeping their customs and history, they would also see their matrilineal foundation as being important to their strength. For Native Americans, everything is spiritual and everything has a presence anywhere in the earth (Johnson, 2007). The sweat lodges and shamans are very important to Native Americans and healthcare. Shamans often help with health issues in the tribe because they understand how to interpret dreams and oversee many rituals that take place within the tribe (Johnson, 2007). The sweat lodge is one of the ways that Native Americans are able to keep balanced with the spirit world and with the creator (Garrett, et al., 2011). For Native Americans, the concept of balance means that they will have balance in mind, body, and spirit â€Å"with the natural environment† (Garrett et al., 2011, p. 318). On the spiritual level, the sweat lodge is also done for transformation and renewal of the spirit. In contrast to the way Westerners believe, the concept of transformation traditionally will be done in the presence of family and